Let’s look at 3 suffixes that are commonly used in daily life.
〜作り／造り（づくり）
Noun + づくり
The difference between 作り and 造り：
作り = used to create small scale or abstract intangibles
造り = used to create large scale, industrial or tangible objects
The original reading is “つくり” but it becomes voiced “づくり” when used as a suffix.
Indicates the creation of something
●あの俳優は、1年かけて役作りをしたそうだ。
/ano haiyuu wa, ichinen kakete yaku-zukuri o shita sou da/
Apparently, the actor spent a year working on the role.
●明日から旅行なので、今から荷造りをします。
/ashita kara ryokoo nanode, ima kara ni-zukuri o shimasu/
I start my trip tomorrow, so I’m going to start packing now.
Describes something that is made out of something
●レンガ造りの家に住んでみたい。
/renga-zukuri no ie ni sunde mitai/
I would like to live in a brick-built house.
●誕生日ケーキを手作りしました。
/tanjoobi keeki o te-zukuri shimashita/
I made my own birthday cake.
〜離れ（ばなれ）
Noun + ばなれ
The original reading is “はなれ” but it becomes voiced “ばなれ” when used as a suffix.
Creates nouns that indicate the appearance of being far apart in nature or ability
●鈴木さんは、金銭感覚が世間離れしている。
/suzuki san wa, kinsen-kankaku ga seken-banare shiteiru/
The way Suzuki-san uses money is far from the real world.
●それは、かなり現実離れしたアイデアだと思います。
/sore wa, kanari genjitsu-banare shita aidea da to omoimasu/
I think that is a rather unrealistic idea.
Creates nouns to indicate a state of waning interest
●日本では、若者の日本酒離れが進んでいるそうだ。
/nihon de wa, wakamono no nihonshu-banare ga susunde iru sou da/
It is said that young people in Japan are increasingly turning away from sake.
●動画を見るプラットフォームとしてYouTubeが主流になり、人々のテレビ離れが進んだ。
/dooga o miru purattofoomu toshite yuuchuubu ga shuryuu ni nari, hitobito no terebi-banare ga susunda/
YouTube has become the dominant platform for watching videos and people have moved away from television.
Creates nouns that indicate a loss of dependence
●あの人はまだ親離れできていないようだ。
/ano hito wa mada oya-banare dekite inai you da/
That person doesn’t seem to be able to be independent from his parents yet.
●娘は一歳半まで乳離れできなかった。
/musume wa issai-han made chi-banare dekinakatta/
My daughter was not weaned until she was one and a half years old.
〜持ち（もち）
Noun + もち
Indicates possession or the person who owns it
●めちゃめちゃ金持ちの友達がいます。
/mechamecha kane-mochi no tomodachi ga imasu/
I have a friend who is super rich.
●そんなに重いものを持ち上げられるなんて、力持ちですね！
/sonna ni omoi mono o mochiagerareru nante, chikara-mochi desu ne/
You are very strong to be able to lift something so heavy!
Indicates that something is maintained
●このスイーツは日持ちしないので早めに食べてください。
/kono suiitsu wa hi-mochi shinai node hayame ni tabete kudasai/
These sweets don’t last long, so eat them as soon as possible.
●じゃがいもはとても腹持ちがいい。
/jagaimo wa totemo hara-mochi ga ii/
Potatoes are very filling (and keep me going longer).
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